亚硝酸盐对再生水脱色的影响研究

反硝化生物滤池因其脱氮效果好、出水稳定等特点在污水再生处理过程中得到广泛应用。实际运行中发现,反硝化生物滤池出水经后续工艺处理后色度常常难以达标。反硝化脱氮过程存在亚硝酸盐积累的现象,进水NO_3~--N质量浓度为25 mg/L、碳源投加量为90mg/L时,反硝化滤池出水NO_2~--N质量浓度为2.87 mg/L。以反硝化生物滤池与臭氧氧化组合工艺为研究对象,开展了反硝化过程中亚硝酸盐累积对臭氧及次氯酸钠脱色的影响研究。结果表明,亚硝酸盐累积不利于后续臭氧氧化脱色过程,当反硝化生物滤池出水NO_2~--N质量浓度为3.98 mg/L、臭氧投加剂量为3 mg/L和5 mg/L时,出水色度分别为20.6和17.3,无法满足GB/T 19772—2005《城市污水再生利用地下水回灌水质》的要求(色度15)。通过投加5 mg/L的NaClO预氧化、再投加5 mg/L的臭氧使出水色度达到14.1。     

Sulfur-based autotrophic denitrification from the micro-polluted water

Eutrophication caused by high concentrations of nutrients is a huge problem for many natural lakes and reservoirs. Removing the nitrogen contamination from the low C/N water body has become an urgent need. Autotrophic denitrification with the sulfur compound as electron donor was investigated in the biofilter reactors. Through the lab-scale experiment, it was found that different sulfur compounds and different carriers caused very different treatment performances. Thiosulfate was selected to be the best electron donor and ceramsite was chosen as the suitable carrier due to the good denitrification efficiency, low cost and the good resistibility against the high hydraulic loads. Later the optimum running parameters of the process were determined. Then the pilot-scale experiment was carried out with the real micro-polluted water from the West Lake, China. The results indicated that the autotrophic denitrification with thiosulfate as electron donor was feasible and applicable for the micro-polluted lake water.     

厌氧氨氧化工艺的启动及有机物浓度对其影响研究

鉴于反硝化菌与厌氧氨氧化菌具有相似的生理特性,采用CSTR反应器研究了以异养反硝化污泥启动厌氧氨氧化系统的可行性,并考察了其对高氨氮废水的处理潜能。反应器运行170 d后,试验结果表明,此方法可快速培育出具有厌氧氨氧化活性的污泥,NH_4~+-N和NO_2~--N的去除率分别可达99.20%和99.69%。在此基础上考察了有机物浓度对厌氧氨氧化性能的影响,结果表明:低浓度(ρ(COD)≤150 mg/L)有机物可促进厌氧氨氧化活性,而高浓度(ρ(COD)≥200 mg/L)有机物抑制厌氧氨氧化进程,该系统最适ρ(COD)/ρ(NH_4~+-N)为2.14,此时NH_4~+-N和NO_2~--N的去除率分别为99.41%和99.65%。     

Variability and predictability of sea-level extremes in the Hawaiian and U.S.-Trust Islands—a knowledge base for coastal hazards management

The objective of this study is to provide an improved climatology of sea level extremes on seasonal and long-term time scales for Hawaii and the U.S-Trust islands. Observations revealed that the Hawaiian and U.S.-Trust islands, by and large, display a strong annual cycle. For estimating the statistics of return period, the three-parameter generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution is fitted using the method of L-moments. In the context of extremes (20- to 100-year return periods), the deviations in most of the Hawaiian Islands (except at Nawiliwili and Hilo) displayed a moderate sea-level rise (i.e., close to 200 mm), but the deviations in the U.S.-Trust islands displayed a considerably higher rise (i.e., more than 300 mm) in some seasons due to typhoon-related storm surges. This rise may cause damage to roads, harbors, and unstable sandy beaches. Correlations between the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) climate cycle and the variability of seasonal sea level have been investigated. Results show that correlation for the station located west of the International Date Line (DL) is strong, but it is moderate or even weaker for stations east of the DL. The skill of SST-based Canonical Correlation Analyses (CCA) forecasts was found to be weak to moderate (0.4–0.6 for Honolulu, Kahului, Hilo, and Wake, and 0.3 or below for Kahului, Mokuoloe, and Johnston). Finally, these findings are synthesized for evaluating the potential implications of sea level variability in these islands.     

悬浮滤料在上向流反硝化滤池中试装置中的应用

以聚苯乙烯泡沫滤珠作为上向流反硝化滤池的滤料,在中试装置中考察了此种悬浮滤料的脱氮效果及其过滤功能.试验结果表明:在进水流量为13.5 m3/h的情况下,随着碳氮质量比(碳氮比)的升高,NO3--N去除率逐渐提高,出水COD也逐渐提高,适宜的碳氮比为5,此条件下出水COD小于50 mg/L;水力停留时间(HRT)越长,...     

A/DAT-IAT生物脱氮工艺短程硝化反硝化

研究了A/DAT-IAT生物脱氮工艺在低溶解氧浓度下,处理高氨氮、低碳氮比工业废水时,去除氨氮过程中亚硝酸盐积累的情况。结果表明,系统在低DO浓度下有效去除氨氮的同时,能够实现长期稳定的亚硝酸盐积累,并且没有发生污泥膨胀。在试验的稳定运行阶段,当系统运行正常,DO=1·0mg/L时,DAT池亚硝化率(NO2--N/NOX--N)平均可达82·1%,氨氮去除率>95%,污泥的沉降性能一直良好,SVI值处于90~125mL/g范围内。     

A/O~2工艺处理焦化废水

介绍了焦化废水A/O2生物处理工艺的流程和开工调试中污泥培养驯化的方法,并讨论了影响硝化和反硝化工艺的因素及实际运行中控制的参数。     

垂直流湿地处理低浓度生活污水的水力负荷

在5种水力负荷条件下,采用连续进水、间歇排水的运行方式,对2种垂直流湿地处理低浓度生活污水的去除效果进行了研究.结果表明,在水力负荷为0.085,0.106,0.141,0.212m³/(m²d)的条件下,多层填料(1#)湿地和双层填料(2#)湿地对COD_Cr和NH_{4⁺-N的去除无明显差异,出水CODCr和NH4⁺-N浓度均低于30mg/L和5mg/L.两垂直流湿地CODCr净化负荷与有机污染负荷之间呈显著的正相关关系(n=4R2>0.98).垂直流湿地中氮的去除主要是依靠微生物的硝化和反硝化作用;进水水质、水力负荷和温度等影响湿地系统硝化和反硝化作用的进行,水力负荷为0.141m³/(m²d)时,总氮(TN)去除效率与有机污染负荷呈正相关.}     

硝酸盐作为生物除磷电子受体的研究

研究了以硝酸盐作为电子受体进行生物除磷的可能性,并比较了硝酸盐和氧作为电子受体的差异.结果表明:聚磷菌能以硝酸盐作为电子受体替代氧进行生物除磷,但若存在有机碳源会抑制缺氧段磷的吸收.缺氧条件下磷的摄取速率与硝酸盐的质量浓度有关,浓度越高速度越快.硝酸盐的连续稳定加入有利于磷的去除.与以氧为电子受体的系统相比硝酸盐系统利用PHA的效率低,缺氧系统中去除磷和消耗PHA的比例为0.63,比好氧系统中的0.83低24%;缺氧时每摩尔电子转移所吸收的磷为0.14 mol,比氧为电子受体时的0.23 mol低39.1%.      

生物滴滤池反硝化脱氮试验研究

采用一套内部填充多孔蜂窝陶瓷填料的生物滴滤池,研究了在不同温度下3种不同类型的碳源(甲醇、醋酸钠和葡萄糖)以及不同的C N对于系统反硝化效果的影响。结果表明,不同碳源对于系统的反硝化能力有很大的影响,采用甲醇和葡萄糖不会引起亚硝酸盐的积累,而醋酸钠会引起明显的亚硝酸盐积累,在硝酸盐基本消耗完的时候达到最大的积累值(初始硝酸盐总量的2 0 % )。不同碳源的最佳操作温度有所不同,3种碳源在4 0℃下都具有较好的反硝化效果。